Shaping The Future Of Packaging: Insights From The 26th Annual Meeting Of ISO/TC 122

The 26th Annual Meeting of the International Organization for Standardization Packaging Technical Committee (ISO/TC 122) convened in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, from June 23 to 27. Over 40 representatives from 12 countries-including China, Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the Czech Republic, the Philippines, Kenya, and Congo-participated both in person and virtually. The event was hosted by the Czech Standardization Agency. The Chinese delegation, led by Li Hua, President of the China Packaging Federation, and Chief Engineer Wang Li, was in attendance.

Throughout the meeting, sessions were held for the SC4 Packaging and Environment Sub-Technical Committee, as well as for Working Groups on Terminology (WG5), Accessible Design (WG9), Supply Chain Logistics Technology Application (WG12), Temperature Control Packaging (WG16), and Active and Intelligent Packaging (WG18). During the ISO/TC 122 plenary, the Secretariat provided a comprehensive summary of the committee's work over the past year, while member states reviewed annual reports from each working group. Conveners of the two sub-technical committees and five working groups delivered special presentations. Building on previous efforts, the Chinese delegation introduced a new standard proposal titled "Active and Intelligent Packaging - Part 2: General Requirements and Specifications of Intelligent Packaging" at this year's meeting.

President Li Hua engaged in in-depth discussions with the Chairman of ISO/TC 122, the head of the Secretariat, and the conveners of relevant working groups. A preliminary consensus was reached with Japan and South Korea to establish a regular exchange mechanism for packaging standardization and related technologies among the three countries, aiming to deepen collaborative efforts in standardization.

As the domestic technical counterpart to ISO/TC 122, the China Packaging Federation played an active role in organizing and coordinating the Chinese delegation, conducting pre-conference research, and responding proactively during the event. The new project proposals presented by the Chinese delegation garnered significant attention and recognition from attending experts, paving the way for the successful initiation of upcoming projects.

Looking ahead, the China Packaging Federation will continue to advance its strategic approach to international standardization. By building a robust international exchange platform and enhancing the standard service system, the Federation aims to strengthen the global influence of China's packaging industry, drive industrial transformation and upgrading through standardization, and contribute innovative Chinese solutions to the development of the global packaging sector.

(Source: https://www.cpf.org.cn/)

 

ISO/TC 122: Foundation and Global Impact

A Brief History and Mission

ISO/TC 122 was established to develop international standards for packaging, focusing on terminology, definitions, performance requirements, and testing methods. Its mission is to ensure that packaging across industries is safe, functional, and environmentally responsible, while facilitating global trade and regulatory compliance.

Since its inception, ISO/TC 122 has played a pivotal role in:

Standardizing packaging terminology and definitions, reducing confusion and misinterpretation across countries and industries.

Developing performance requirements for packaging, ensuring that products are protected during storage, transportation, and handling.

Promoting sustainability by integrating environmental considerations into packaging design and end-of-life management.

The Committee's Structure and Achievements

ISO/TC 122's effectiveness stems from its robust structure, comprising several subcommittees (SCs) and working groups (WGs), each focused on a critical aspect of packaging:

Subcommittee/Working Group	Focus Area
SC 3: Performance Requirements	Tests for packaging, packages, and unit loads
SC 4: Packaging and the Environment	Environmental standards for packaging life cycles
WG 5: Terminology and Vocabulary	Standardizing packaging terminology
WG 9: Accessible Design	Packaging accessibility for all users
WG 12: Logistics Technology	Supply chain and logistics applications
WG 16: Temperature-Controlled	Packaging for temperature-sensitive products
WG 18: Active & Intelligent Packaging	Smart packaging technologies

 

Over the years, ISO/TC 122 has published foundational standards such as ISO 18601–18606, advanced accessible packaging through standards like ISO 11156:2011, and fostered innovation in smart packaging, traceability, and logistics.

Highlights from the 26th Annual Meeting of ISO/TC 122

Agenda and Collaboration

The 26th Annual Meeting of the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee on Packaging (ISO/TC 122), held in 2025, served as a pivotal forum for addressing the most urgent and emerging challenges in the global packaging sector. The agenda was carefully structured around two central themes:

Future-ready Together: This pillar emphasized the importance of designing packaging systems that are not only innovative and efficient but also inclusive, sustainable, and adaptable to the evolving needs of global markets. The focus was on ensuring that all stakeholders-from manufacturers to end-users-have a voice in shaping the future of packaging standards.

Solutions with Impact: The committee prioritized empowering industry leaders and policymakers with actionable, evidence-based standards. The goal was to facilitate the adoption of best practices that drive measurable improvements in sustainability, regulatory compliance, and operational efficiency across the packaging lifecycle.

A defining feature of the meeting was its collaborative environment. Delegates included representatives from industry, academic institutions, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations. These experts engaged in robust discussions, sharing insights on technical advances, regulatory trends, and market demands. The diversity of perspectives enabled the committee to build consensus on complex issues, foster innovation through the exchange of best practices, and establish new networks for ongoing cooperation. This collaborative approach not only enriched the discussions but also laid the groundwork for future joint projects and cross-border partnerships.

Major Announcements and Initiatives

Several significant developments and initiatives were unveiled during the meeting:

Circular Economy and Digitalization Initiatives: The committee launched new projects aimed at integrating circular economy principles into packaging design and production. These initiatives focus on promoting material reuse, recycling, and the reduction of packaging waste. In parallel, efforts to accelerate the digital transformation of packaging were introduced, including frameworks for digital labeling, supply chain transparency, and the adoption of data-driven decision-making in packaging management.

Progress on ISO 18601–18606 Implementation: Delegates reviewed the latest advancements in the application of the ISO 18601–18606 series, which set out comprehensive requirements and guidelines for environmentally conscious packaging. Leading companies presented case studies demonstrating how these standards have led to measurable reductions in resource use, improved recyclability, and enhanced compliance with international environmental regulations.

Accessible Packaging Panel Discussions: The meeting featured in-depth panel sessions dedicated to accessible packaging. These discussions brought together users, advocacy groups, and technical experts to explore design strategies that make packaging easier to use for individuals with disabilities, the elderly, and other vulnerable groups. The panels highlighted the importance of universal design principles and the need for ongoing stakeholder engagement in standard development.

Workshops on Smart Packaging Technologies: Practical workshops were organized to showcase the integration of advanced technologies-such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and smart labeling-into packaging solutions. Participants examined how these technologies can enhance traceability, improve product safety, and boost consumer engagement by providing real-time information about product origin, handling conditions, and authenticity.

These highlights reflect ISO/TC 122's ongoing commitment to fostering innovation, sustainability, and inclusivity within the global packaging industry, ensuring that standards keep pace with technological advancements and societal expectations.

(The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an independent, non-governmental, international organization that develops quality, safety, and efficiency standards for many different industries.)

 

The Work of Subcommittees and Working Groups

Ensuring Performance and Safety: SC 3

The Subcommittee on Performance Requirements (SC 3) is dedicated to developing and maintaining rigorous standards that guarantee the safety, durability, and reliability of packaging and unit loads. SC 3's work encompasses a comprehensive suite of testing protocols and performance criteria. These include methods for evaluating packaging strength under compression, resistance to impacts and drops, and the ability to withstand vibrations during transport. The subcommittee also addresses environmental conditioning tests, which simulate exposure to varying temperatures and humidity levels to ensure packaging integrity throughout the supply chain. By establishing standardized procedures for stacking, impact, and conditioning, SC 3 ensures that packaging solutions protect products effectively from manufacturing to end-user delivery, reducing losses and ensuring compliance with international shipping requirements.

Driving Environmental Responsibility: SC 4

The Subcommittee on Packaging and the Environment (SC 4) leads ISO/TC 122's efforts in advancing environmental sustainability across the entire packaging life cycle. SC 4's mandate includes harmonizing environmental considerations such as source reduction, material reuse, recycling, and energy recovery. The subcommittee is responsible for the ISO 18601–18606 series, which offers a holistic framework for minimizing the environmental footprint of packaging without compromising its functionality. SC 4 collaborates closely with regulatory agencies and industry stakeholders worldwide to ensure that its standards align with evolving environmental policies, such as the European Union's Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive. Its work enables manufacturers to design packaging systems that meet both regulatory requirements and consumer expectations for sustainability.

Creating a Common Language: WG 5

Working Group 5 (WG 5) is tasked with the crucial role of standardizing terminology and definitions within the packaging sector. By developing a universally accepted vocabulary, WG 5 eliminates ambiguities and inconsistencies that can arise in international trade, regulatory compliance, and technical documentation. This harmonization is essential for the smooth adoption of new standards and technologies, as it ensures that all stakeholders-from manufacturers and regulators to logistics providers and end-users-operate with a shared understanding of key concepts and requirements.

Making Packaging Inclusive: WG 9

Recognizing the importance of accessibility, Working Group 9 (WG 9) focuses on making packaging user-friendly for all individuals, including those with disabilities and the elderly. WG 9 developed ISO 11156:2011, which sets out general requirements for accessible packaging design. The standard provides detailed guidelines for tactile warnings, easy-to-open features, and clear, legible labeling. These measures help ensure that packaging can be safely and independently used by people with a wide range of abilities, supporting both regulatory compliance and social responsibility objectives.

Enhancing Logistics and Supply Chains: WG 12

Working Group 12 (WG 12) addresses the integration of packaging with modern logistics and supply chain systems. The group develops standards for technologies such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), barcoding, and digital tracking, which are essential for real-time inventory management and product traceability. WG 12 also establishes guidelines for packaging dimensions, stacking patterns, and load stability, facilitating efficient storage, handling, and transportation. These standards help reduce costs, minimize product damage, and improve the overall efficiency of global supply chains.

Protecting Sensitive Goods: WG 16

Working Group 16 (WG 16) specializes in standards for temperature-controlled packaging, which is vital for products that are sensitive to temperature fluctuations, such as pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and perishable foods. WG 16 develops protocols for testing insulation performance, cooling methods, and temperature monitoring technologies. By ensuring that packaging maintains the required temperature range throughout distribution, these standards safeguard product efficacy and consumer safety, and help companies comply with stringent regulatory requirements.

Innovating with Smart Packaging: WG 18

At the forefront of technological advancement, Working Group 18 (WG 18) focuses on active and intelligent packaging solutions. Active packaging interacts with its contents or the external environment to extend shelf life or enhance product safety-examples include oxygen scavengers and antimicrobial coatings. Intelligent packaging incorporates sensors, indicators, or digital features that provide information on freshness, authenticity, or traceability. WG 18's work is instrumental in setting the standards that guide the adoption of these innovations, supporting both consumer protection and supply chain transparency.

Sustainability and Environmental Standards: The ISO 18601–18606 Series

Environmental sustainability is a core principle guiding modern packaging practices. The ISO 18601–18606 series forms a comprehensive framework for evaluating and reducing the environmental impact of packaging throughout its life cycle:

ISO 18601: Outlines general requirements for applying environmental standards to packaging, serving as the foundation for the series.

ISO 18602: Focuses on optimizing packaging systems by improving material efficiency and minimizing the use of hazardous substances.

ISO 18603: Promotes the reuse of packaging, encouraging systems that extend the useful life of packaging materials and reduce waste.

ISO 18604: Addresses material recycling, ensuring that packaging is designed for effective collection, sorting, and reprocessing.

ISO 18605: Covers energy recovery, supporting the conversion of packaging waste into usable energy through incineration or other methods.

ISO 18606: Deals with organic recycling, enabling packaging to be composted or biodegraded safely, returning nutrients to the environment.

Although voluntary, these standards are widely adopted across industries and regions, providing a globally recognized benchmark for sustainable packaging design and management.

Sustainable Development Strategy

 

Supporting the UN Sustainable Development Goals

The environmental standards developed by ISO/TC 122 make a direct contribution to several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production-by promoting resource efficiency, waste minimization, and sustainable packaging practices.

SDG 13: Climate Action-by reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with packaging production, use, and disposal.

SDG 14 & 15: Life Below Water and Life on Land-by minimizing pollution from packaging waste and supporting ecosystem health.

Real-World Impact

The adoption of the ISO 18601–18606 standards by major retailers and manufacturers has led to significant improvements in packaging sustainability. Companies have reported reductions in material usage, increased recyclability, and enhanced compliance with environmental regulations. Additionally, these standards have facilitated smoother cross-border trade by harmonizing packaging requirements, reducing regulatory disputes, and making it easier for sustainable products to enter new markets. This global alignment not only benefits industry stakeholders but also advances environmental protection and resource conservation on a worldwide scale.

Embracing Innovation: Active and Intelligent Packaging

What Is Active and Intelligent Packaging?

Active and intelligent packaging represent two of the most innovative advancements in the packaging industry, each offering unique functionalities that go beyond the traditional role of simply containing and protecting products.

**Active packaging** is designed to interact directly with the product or its surrounding environment in order to extend shelf life, maintain product quality, and enhance safety. This interaction is achieved through the incorporation of specific components or materials that can absorb or release substances as needed. For example, oxygen scavengers are commonly used in food packaging to absorb residual oxygen inside the package, thereby slowing down the oxidation process and preventing spoilage. Moisture absorbers are another form of active packaging, helping to control humidity levels and prevent the growth of mold or bacteria. Other active packaging technologies include antimicrobial coatings that inhibit the growth of pathogens, ethylene absorbers for fresh produce, and carbon dioxide emitters or absorbers to regulate the atmosphere within the package. These features are especially valuable in the packaging of perishable foods, pharmaceuticals, and sensitive electronic components.

**Intelligent packaging**, on the other hand, is equipped with technologies that monitor, sense, and communicate information about the product's condition or the environment inside the package. This can include the use of time-temperature indicators, freshness sensors, gas detectors, or even RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags and QR codes. For instance, a time-temperature indicator can show whether a product has been exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range during transportation or storage, which is critical for vaccines, biologics, and other temperature-sensitive goods. Freshness sensors can detect the presence of spoilage gases, providing real-time feedback to both retailers and consumers. Intelligent packaging can also support traceability by storing and transmitting data about the product's origin, handling history, and authenticity, helping to combat counterfeiting and improve supply chain transparency.

Together, active and intelligent packaging systems are transforming the way products are preserved, monitored, and delivered, offering significant benefits in terms of safety, quality assurance, regulatory compliance, and consumer confidence.

 

Benefits for the Supply Chain and Consumers

These innovations lead to:

Improved product safety and shelf life, reducing waste and recalls.

Enhanced traceability and authenticity, combating counterfeiting and ensuring compliance.

Greater consumer engagement, with features such as freshness indicators or QR codes linking to product information.

Case Studies and Meeting Highlights

**Intelligent Packaging in the Pharmaceutical Industry**

Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly adopting intelligent packaging solutions to ensure the safety and efficacy of temperature-sensitive medications throughout the supply chain. These packages are equipped with embedded sensors and time-temperature indicators that continuously monitor and record environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light exposure during storage and transit. For example, RFID tags and data loggers can alert logistics managers if a shipment of vaccines or biologics has been exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range, helping to prevent spoilage and maintain product integrity. This level of monitoring is critical for compliance with stringent regulatory requirements and for protecting patient health, especially as the global distribution of pharmaceuticals becomes more complex and widespread.

**Active Packaging in the Food Sector**

Food manufacturers have embraced active packaging technologies to address challenges related to shelf life, freshness, and food safety. Active packaging incorporates materials or components-such as oxygen scavengers, moisture absorbers, and antimicrobial agents-that interact with the food or its environment to slow spoilage and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms. For instance, packaging for fresh produce may include ethylene absorbers to delay ripening, while meat and dairy products might use antimicrobial films to reduce bacterial contamination. These innovations not only extend the shelf life of perishable goods but also help reduce food waste, improve supply chain efficiency, and support broader goals of food security and sustainability.

**Highlights from the 26th Annual Meeting**

The 26th Annual Meeting of ISO/TC 122 provided a dynamic platform for showcasing the latest advancements in smart packaging technologies. Attendees observed live demonstrations of cutting-edge solutions, including packaging equipped with real-time monitoring sensors, QR codes for interactive consumer engagement, and blockchain-enabled traceability systems. These demonstrations illustrated how smart packaging can enhance transparency, safety, and efficiency across various industries.

A significant focus of the meeting was on the standardization of data formats and ensuring interoperability among different packaging technologies and supply chain systems. Experts discussed the development of universal protocols for data exchange, which are essential for integrating intelligent packaging with existing logistics, retail, and regulatory platforms. These discussions highlighted the importance of collaboration among manufacturers, technology providers, and standards organizations to enable seamless data sharing, reduce operational silos, and maximize the benefits of smart packaging solutions on a global scale.

Collectively, these case studies and meeting highlights underscore the transformative impact of active and intelligent packaging on product quality, supply chain transparency, and sustainability, as well as the ongoing efforts within ISO/TC 122 to drive innovation and harmonization in the field.

Accessibility and Inclusive Design

Why Universal Design Matters

Accessible packaging is not just a regulatory requirement-it's a moral imperative. Universal design ensures that packaging can be used by everyone, regardless of age or ability.

Standards and Stakeholder Perspectives

ISO 11156:2011 provides a framework for designing accessible packaging, addressing physical handling, information accessibility, and consideration for people with visual, hearing, motor, or cognitive disabilities. Workshops and panels at the meeting featured feedback from users, advocacy groups, and designers, highlighting successful implementation of accessible packaging in pharmaceuticals and consumer goods.

Accessible packaging improves user satisfaction and safety, expands market reach, and sets a benchmark for corporate social responsibility in packaging design.

Packaging's Critical Role in the Global Supply Chain

Streamlining Logistics and Trade

Standardized packaging is the backbone of efficient logistics and international trade. By adhering to ISO/TC 122 standards, manufacturers and logistics providers can ensure that packaging is compatible with global transportation systems, such as shipping containers, pallets, and automated handling equipment. These standards specify dimensions, stacking strength, and load stability, which allow for optimal use of space within shipping containers and trucks, reducing transportation costs and minimizing the risk of damage during transit.

ISO/TC 122 standards also facilitate the seamless transfer of goods across different modes of transport-sea, air, rail, and road-by ensuring that packaging can withstand the physical stresses encountered at each stage. Standardized packaging simplifies the process of containerization and palletization, making it easier to consolidate shipments, improve warehouse organization, and accelerate loading and unloading operations. This level of uniformity is especially critical for multinational supply chains, where products may cross several borders and regulatory environments before reaching their final destination.

Integration of Digital Technologies

The integration of digital technologies into packaging is revolutionizing supply chain visibility and product traceability. Modern packaging increasingly incorporates tools such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, barcodes, and QR codes, which can be scanned at various points along the logistics chain. These technologies enable real-time tracking of shipments, providing detailed information on the location, condition, and handling of goods from origin to destination.

ISO/TC 122 standards ensure interoperability between these digital systems, allowing data to be seamlessly exchanged between manufacturers, logistics providers, customs authorities, and retailers. This connectivity reduces paperwork, speeds up customs clearance, and helps prevent delays caused by missing or inconsistent documentation. In addition, digital tracking technologies help companies quickly identify and isolate products in the event of a recall or quality issue, reducing the risk of widespread disruption and protecting both consumers and brand reputation.

Regulatory Compliance and International Trade

Harmonized packaging standards are essential for regulatory compliance and the smooth flow of goods across international borders. ISO/TC 122 works closely with global regulatory bodies to align packaging requirements with international laws and best practices, minimizing the need for redundant testing, certification, and repackaging. This harmonization is particularly important for industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals, where safety and labeling regulations can vary significantly between countries.

By developing common standards for packaging materials, labeling, environmental impact, and recycling, ISO/TC 122 reduces the likelihood of trade disputes and facilitates market entry for exporters. During the 2025 annual meeting, participants addressed ongoing cross-border challenges, such as differing recycling mandates and labeling laws, which can create barriers for companies operating in multiple jurisdictions. The committee explored strategies for further harmonization, including the development of mutual recognition agreements and collaborative standard-setting initiatives, to ensure that packaging can move freely and efficiently in the global marketplace.

This expanded version provides a deeper look at how standardized packaging impacts logistics efficiency, digital transformation, and regulatory alignment in the global supply chain.

Case Studies and Best Practices

Success Stories from Industry

A leading electronics manufacturer reduced packaging waste by 30% by adopting ISO 18602, optimizing material use without compromising protection. A multinational food company implemented ISO 18604, achieving a 95% recycling rate for its packaging in Europe.

Lessons Learned and Meeting Outcomes

One of the most significant takeaways from the 26th Annual Meeting of ISO/TC 122 is the critical importance of early and inclusive stakeholder engagement in the development and implementation of packaging standards. Involving a broad spectrum of participants-including manufacturers, regulatory authorities, consumer advocacy groups, environmental organizations, logistics providers, and end-users-ensures that the resulting standards are practical, widely applicable, and address real-world challenges. Early engagement also helps to identify potential barriers to adoption, allowing for proactive solutions and smoother implementation across different regions and industries.

Another key lesson is the recognition that standards must be treated as dynamic, living documents. As new materials, technologies, and market requirements emerge, standards need to be regularly reviewed and updated to remain relevant and effective. The meeting reinforced the value of continuous improvement cycles, where feedback from industry pilots, academic research, and regulatory changes is systematically incorporated into standard revisions. This approach not only keeps standards aligned with technological advancements-such as the rise of smart packaging and digital traceability-but also supports the evolving needs of global supply chains and sustainability goals.

 

The outcomes of recent meetings also highlight notable progress in the global adoption of sustainable packaging practices. There has been a marked increase in the implementation of ISO 18601–18606 standards, particularly among major multinational corporations and retailers seeking to reduce their environmental footprint and comply with stricter regulations. Furthermore, there has been a significant expansion in participation from developing countries. This broader representation ensures that the perspectives and needs of emerging markets are reflected in international standards, fostering greater inclusivity and equity in global trade.

 

Collectively, these lessons and outcomes underscore the value of collaboration, adaptability, and inclusiveness in the ongoing evolution of packaging standards-positioning ISO/TC 122 as a leader in driving sustainable, innovative, and globally harmonized solutions for the packaging industry.

Looking Ahead: Trends and Challenges

The Circular Economy and Eco-Design

Designing packaging for reuse, recycling, and composting is gaining momentum. ISO/TC 122 is developing new guidelines to support circular economy principles in packaging. Material innovation, such as bioplastics and compostable materials, is accelerating, and standards are evolving to assess the environmental impact of new materials and technologies.

Digitalization and Smart Packaging

Smart packaging and digital twins are transforming supply chains. Standards for data security and interoperability are in development to ensure seamless integration. The challenge is to balance performance, cost, and sustainability, address global disparities in infrastructure and regulatory capacity, and keep pace with rapid technological change.

Ongoing Collaboration and Future Projects

Joint initiatives with other ISO committees and international organizations, pilot projects to test new standards in real-world settings, and continuous review and revision of existing standards are all part of ISO/TC 122's forward-looking approach.

Conclusion

The 26th Annual Meeting of ISO/TC 122 underscored the vital role of international standards in shaping the future of packaging. From sustainability and accessibility to innovation and global trade, the committee's work touches every aspect of modern packaging. As the world faces unprecedented environmental and logistical challenges, ISO/TC 122's collaborative, forward-looking approach ensures that packaging standards remain a force for positive change-benefiting industry, consumers, and the planet alike.

Staying informed and engaged with the ongoing work of ISO/TC 122 is essential for anyone involved in packaging, supply chain management, or sustainability. The journey toward a more sustainable, inclusive, and innovative packaging future is a collective one-and every stakeholder has a role to play.

Additional Features

Quotes from Industry Leaders

"Developing environmentally sustainable packaging solutions is considered by many to be essential but doing so involves a number of complex challenges. Within ISO we have done exactly that."

- Jongkyoung Kim, Korean Agency for Technology and Standards

Infographic/Table: ISO 18601–18606 Standards Overview

Standard	Focus Area	Key Benefit
ISO 18601	General requirements	Framework for environmental packaging
ISO 18602	Packaging optimization	Material efficiency, reduced hazardous content
ISO 18603	Reuse	Extended life cycle for packaging
ISO 18604	Material recycling	Improved recyclability
ISO 18605	Energy recovery	Conversion of waste to energy
ISO 18606	Organic recycling	Composting and biodegradation